NEWS

Forest watch

From 11 to 18 April, a group of Kazakhstani specialists of forestry visited in the working trip in the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia.
In the group of the Chairman of the Committee of forestry and hunting of the Ministry of agriculture of the RK Yerlan Нысанбаев, head of Department for forest and protected territories Kairat Устемиров, Deputy Director of RGKP «Kazakh forest management enterprise» Vladimir Mandzyuk, coordinator of the international project «Conservation of forests and reforestation of the territory of the Republic» Alexander Borovkov, General Director of the state ГЛПР «Semey ormany» Maksat Yelemesov, General Director of the state ГЛПР «of Irtysh ormany» Kazbek Ametov.
The purpose of the trips - exchange of experience in forestry issues. Our foresters were interested in a wide range of issues: preparation of specialists of forest management, forest reproduction, forest management, fire prevention measures, fire-extinguishing of forest fires and so on.
The forests in the Czech Republic and Slovakia occupy more than one third of its territory and placed relatively evenly, as an integral part of the landscape. Systematic care about the forest as in the past, and this has led to the fact that the Czech Republic and Slovakia belong to the richest forests in the industrial countries of Europe, they cover their needs in wood from its own resources. At the same time in the industrial and densely populated countries forests have many social functions in a growing state. The main purpose of the forests of the Czech Republic is formulated in the law on forests of 1977, which fully reflects the attitude of the highly-developed society to the forest as a source of valuable raw materials and own important part of the environment.
Forests of the Czech Republic is 41% of the whole territory of Slovakia - 44%. Here are common mixed forests. More than half of them coniferous (fir, pine, silver fir), the rest of deciduous breeds of trees: oak, beech, birch, ash, elm, sycamore. 58% of the forests are in private property, the rest is owned by the state, that does not prevent develop the wood processing industry. In the year in these countries is processed approximately 8-9 million cubic meters of timber, which is 0.57% of GDP. More than 40% of the wood after the deep processing in the form of sawn timber and finished products are exported. Especially the famous Czech and Slovak cabinetmakers, manufacturing of wooden furniture.
In General, the attitude to forest resources the most careful - no chips does not remain not demanded. A very well developed processing of low quality timber. Because it makes fuel briquettes, so the result is waste-free production.
Of course, there are significant natural and climatic differences, impact on forest management in European countries and in Kazakhstan. In these countries, the climate is milder than that of the us. There is no dry summers with a high probability of occurrence of forest fires. In the forests of high humidity, so the fires is rather rare. Besides, the density of the population is not comparable higher than that of the us. Any smoke in the forest will be immediately noticed by the local inhabitants of the villages located close to each other. Despite this tracking process for forest organized a very high-tech. In addition авиапатрулирования, here introduced the information monitoring system of forest for early detection of forest fires. This is a network of managed surveillance sensors (video cameras, thermal imaging sensors, infrared cameras). The program part of a special equipment, with the help of which the Forester review of forests in the real-time mode and defines the coordinates of the fire. Similar systems already tested on the territory of the Жанасемейского and Kanonersky branches of «Semey ormany».
System of cultivation of planting material in the Czech Republic and Slovakia also fundamentally different from our model. All private nurseries. This is a business that was put on the wide stream. Those, who cultivate seedlings and saplings, have a license for this activity, all the products are certified. The license is issued once for the whole period of activity. However, it should be the holder of the license at least once put low-quality planting material, he immediately loses the right to grow seedlings or saplings forever, without the right of return. This is so easy and strictly. So, as you see, the way nobody wants to risk and trying to grow these trees, that, as they say, the mosquito nose is not eroded. It should be noted, that the total volume of planting of the seedlings of pine trees in these neighbouring countries is very high - about 70 thousand hectares per year. For comparison - in Kazakhstan in the year of planting of the seedlings of pine trees on the area of 60 thousand ha.
Illegally encroach on the forest resources of countries almost no one dares to. Such cases are the exception to the rules. Punishment is very hard - the minimum fine for a violation of one million kroons, translated at the EUR 58 thousand!
Another feature of forest management in the countries is a function of the special research centre, which identifies strengths and weaknesses in the industry and on the basis of the observations and analysis gives specific recommendations for improvement of work.
In the forest inventory in the Czech Republic and Slovakia also apply the latest technologies, in particular GIS - geographic information system, allowing to operate with spatial data and providing technological process of their acquisition, storage, processing, visualization (including in the form of maps).
The hunting economy of the European countries is a special grace theme. It should result in only one figure - a year in Slovakia from the permission to hunt the state Treasury receives income in the amount of 12.5 million euros. In deciduous and pine forests are found in many hoofed animals: ROE deer, the animals, red deers, wild boars. At the diversity of small game. Favorable conditions - Alpine meadows, thick undergrowth of the forests, the alternation of stands of different ages, has affected the number of animals, which is rapidly increasing and has already become for foresters significant problem, since the animals were eating and вытаптывают crops. So you have to adjust the livestock of wild animals with the use of hunting.
Another theme is that of the Kazakhstan experts - it training for forestry, leading its history since 1835. At the University of Prague 277 years ago was created by the forest Department, which is still very popular among young people. In Slovakia technical University is located in the city of Zvolen. His story is even more ancient and leads his chronicle of the 1807! All the way down here, four of the faculty for the training of forestry specialists: forestry engineers, engineers of woodworking and processing, ecologists, specialists of GIS in forestry. The training period of five years. You can do without examinations, the main knowledge of the English language. Payment for training, a relatively acceptable from 600 - 1000 Euro per year. Profession of Forester prestigious and honorable. Become a Forester can only be having a diploma of higher specialized institution of higher education. Salary is enough high. There are prospects for growth.
In General, the Czech and Slovak foresters have something to learn, many of their approaches the chances of successfully implemented and at us in the country.